What are the differences between 12.d3 and 12.d4 in the Ruy Lopez

The Ruy Lopez Opening: How to Play It as White and Black - Chessable Blog

This pawn structure usually arises after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 from one of the following lines: A) 3 a6 4.Bxc6 (Exchange Spanish) B) 3a6 4.Ba4

Complete Guide to the Ruy Lopez Exchange Structure

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Master the Ruy Lopez: The Ultimate Guide for Aspiring Chess Champions

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Best Chess Openings: Complete Guide - TheChessWorld

Caruana's Ruy Lopez: Dark Archangel

What are the differences between 12.d3 and 12.d4 in the Ruy Lopez, Marshall counter-attack? What does white hope to achieve with each? - Quora